VMA of an Asphalt Mixture

MediumasphaltVMA
An asphalt mix has Gmb = 2.35, aggregate bulk specific gravity Gsb = 2.65 and aggregate content Ps = 95%. Its VMA is most nearly:
  1. A8.4%
  2. B12.5%
  3. C21.0%
  4. D15.8%
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Answer: D. 15.8%

VMA = 100 − Gmb·Ps/Gsb = 100 − 2.35(95)/2.65 = 15.8%. Forgetting Ps gives 11.3%, which is not a choice. Using 2.65/2.35 inverts the ratio.
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